Eczema, also known as dermatitis, is a common skin condition that causes dryness, itching, and inflammation. It can appear as red, itchy patches on the skin that may crack or bleed. Eczema can affect people of all ages, from babies to adults, and can vary in severity. It differs from contact dermatitis, which is an inflammatory reaction that occurs when your skin comes into direct contact with an irritant or allergen. There are two types of contact dermatitis: Irritant contact dermatitis: Caused by exposure to substances that physically damage the skin, such as bleach. Allergic contact dermatitis: Caused by an allergic reaction to a specific substance, such as nickel in jewellery.

Eczema can be caused by a mix of genetic and environmental factors that weakens the skin barrier, making it more susceptible to irritation and inflammation. Environmental triggers like allergens (e.g. food, dust mites or pollen) and irritants (e.g. soaps or detergents) can worsen symptoms, alongside factors like changes in temperature or stress.

Although there's no cure for eczema, using gentle skincare like mild, fragrance-free cleansers can help. After bathing, gently pat your skin dry to reduce irritation. Using emollients (moisturising lotions) can help hydrate your skin and protect its barrier, especially after bathing, to ease dryness and itching. If flare-ups occur, topical corticosteroids like hydrocortisone can reduce inflammation and itching.

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